Doboj City

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Category:	Cities and Neighborhoods
Created:	Nov 19, 2006
Type:	Public
Members:	313
Owner:	Nina Nina
Language:	English
Country:	Bosnia and Herzegovina

Grad Doboj prvi put se pominje u sacuvanim istorijskim dokumentima 28. juna 1415. godine. Istorija biljezi naseobine u ovom kraju vec tokom kamenog doba - paleolita. Nesto vise istorijskih podataka sacuvano je iz nove ere, kada u ovaj grad stizu Rimljani. Oko usca Usore u Bosnu oni grade veliki fortifikacioni objekat, potvrdjujuci time komunikacijski znacaj ovog kraja, sto ce do danas ostati njegova bitna karakteristika. Rimljani su podigli vise gradjevinskih cjelina tokom vise od cetiri vijeka boravka na ovim prostorima. Izgradili su Castrum - tip vojnog stacionara za oko 4 do 5 hiljada vojnika na prostoru od 160 x 134 metra. U neposrednoj blizini Castruma nalazilo se civilno naselje - Canabea, koje su cinila dva niza gradjevina sa ulicom izmedju njih. To je bilo jedno od najstarijih naselja gradjevinskog tipa u sjevernoj Bosni. I po dolasku Slovena u ove krajeve u 7. vijeku najznacajnije naselje je takodje na uscu Usore u Bosnu, gdje su nadjene vrlo stare male crkve i groblja, a u 12. vijeku se javljaju i prve sagrane sa steccima kao nadgrobnom spomenicima. Jacanjem bosanske drzave u 12. vijeku gradi se tvrdjava od kamena na visokoj stijeni ispod koje tece rijeka Bosna. Oko tvrdjave pocinje izgradnja grada Doboja, cija se urbanisticka rjesenja u osnovnim potezima sacuvana od nasih dana. To je mediteranski tip naselja sa tragom u centru. Dobojska tvrdjava i grad nastali su iz potrebe bosanske drzave srednjeg vijeka da kontrolise puteve kroz dolinu rijeke Bosne i usca Usore i Sprece.

Turci zauzimaju Doboj 1476. godine, popravljaju tvrdjavu 1490. godine i prilagodjavaju je vecoj razornoj moci topova. Austrougarska vojska 1697. i 1717. godine privremeno zauzima i pali Doboj. Tokom turske okupacije Doboj se sporo razvijao. Austro-Ugarska vojska okupirala je grad 1. avgusta 1878. godine. Njegov razvoj u ovom periodu odredio je njegov geografski polozaj i poceo je izgradnjom zeljeznickih pruga Doboj - Tuzla - Simin Han 1886. Slavonski Brod - Doboj - Teslic i Slavonski Brod - Sarajevo.

Tokom Prvog svjetskog rata, u periodu izmedju 1915. i 1916. godine u Doboju je bio koncentracioni logor u koji su austrougarske vlasti internirale više od 45.000 hiljada ljudi iz pogranicnih krajeva jugoistocne Bosne i Hercegovine prema Srbiji. Brojnim zrtvama ovog logora 1937. godine podignut je spomen obiljezje sa impozantnim spomenikom - bronzanom bistom logoraša, konstrnicom i crkvom.

U Doboju su zabiljezeni i podaci o snaznom radnickom pokretuizmedju dva rata, medju kojima posebno mjesto zauzima masovno ucešce dobojskih zeljeznicara u generalnom štrajku 15. aprila 1919. godine. Javnim demonstracijama 27. marta 1941. godine i gradjani Doboja izrazili su svoj protest pristupanju Jugoslavije trojnom paktu.

Kao saobracajni cvor Doboj je u Drugom svjetskom ratu bio pozornica mnogih znacajnih zbivanja. Teror okupatora, koji je u grad ušao 15. aprila 1941. godine, naišao je na snazan otpor naroda dobojskog kraja i organizovane akcije clanova KPJ. Narod je masovno krenuo na ustanak 23. avgusta 1941. godine, zauzeo Doboj, Maglaj i Gracanicu, a u toku 24. avgusta ustanici su digli u zrak velika neprijateljska skladišta municije u Doboju., pripremljene za transport na istocni front, što je predstavljalo u to vrijeme jednu od najvecih diverzija u okupiranoj Evropi.

Pored velikog broja ucesnika narodnooslobodilackog rata Doboj je dao i pet narodnih heroja. Doboj je oslobodjen 17. aprila 1945. godine, kada se porušeni i opustošeni grad uz teške borbe ušle jedinice narodnooslobodilacke vojske. Ovaj dan obiljezava se kao Dan opštine. Nakon rata grad je obnovljen masovnim radnim akcijama. Izgradnjom omladinskih pruga Šamac - Sarajevo i Doboj - Banja Luka stvoreni su odmah nakon rata osnovni uslovi za brzi i svestraniji razvoj ovog kraja.

Before the war in Bosnia the municipality of the same name had a bigger area surface. Presently, a larger part of the pre-war municipality is part of the Republika Srpska, including the city itself, (the Doboj Region). The southern rural areas are part of the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the eastern rural part of the municipality is part of the Tuzla Canton, also in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The parts of the pre-war Doboj Municipality that are in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the municipalities of Doboj South (Doboj Jug) and Doboj East (Doboj Istok) and the Municipality of Usora.


During the rule of Prince Časlav Klonomirović in the 10th century, the invading Hungarian Armies clashed with the defending Slavic forces in the Doboj area around 959.

The first mention of the town dates from 1415,as it was written in the charter issued by Dubrovnik to Hungarian Emperor Sigismund, although there are signs that the area had been inhabited ever since the early stone age, and that the Roman Empire had an army camp (Castrum) and a settlement (Canabea) in the vicinity of the town dating from the 1st century AD. Following the arrival of the Slavs in the 6th century A.D. it became a part of the region/bannate Usora (in the medieval documents sometimes put together with the nearby province Soli, hence, Usora and Soli).

The Doboj fortress, first built in the early 13th century and expanded in the early 15th century (1415), fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1476, only to be expanded yet again in 1490. It was a very important obstacle for the invaders coming from North, Hungarians, and later on, Austrians and Germans. Doboj was the site of a major battle between Hungarians and Bosnian/Turkish coalition in early August of 1415 in which Hungarians were heavily defeated. As an important border fortress (between Bosnian Kingdom and Hungary), it was also frequently attacked (officially recorded some 18 times)in the Austrian-Ottoman wars, and finally fell to the Habsburgs in 1878.


Doboj at the beginning of the 20th CenturyDuring World War I, Doboj was the site of the largest Austro-Hungarian concentration camp for Serbs. According to its official figures, it held, between December 27, 1915 and July 5, 1917:

16,673 men from Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly of Serb ethnicity)
16,996 women and children from Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly of Serb ethnicity)
9,172 soldiers and civilians (men, women, children) from the Kingdom of Serbia
2,950 soldiers and civilians from the Kingdom of Montenegro
In total, 45,791 persons.

By February 1916, the authorities began redirecting the prisoners to other camps. The Serbs from Bosnia were mostly sent to Győr (Sopronyek, Šopronjek/Шопроњек).

Most of the interned from Bosnia were whole families from the border regions of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is said that 5,000 families alone were uprooted from the Sarajevo district in eastern Bosnia along the border with the Kingdoms of Serbia & Montenegro.

Nobel-laureate Ivo Andrić was also an inmate of the camp.

During World War II, Doboj was an important site for the partisan resistance movement. From their initial uprising in August 1941 up until the end of the war, the Ozren partisan squad carried out numerous diversions against the occupation forces, among the first successful operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The town was liberated on April 17, 1945.

In 1991, prior to the Yugoslav wars, the Doboj municipality was inhabited by 102,519 people, including:

41,241 Muslims by nati
40,020 Serbs (39%) (See: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
13,283 Croats (13%)
5,637 Yugoslavs (5.5%)
2,338 others (2.3%)
However, it is not certain whether Muslims by nationality or Serbs were largest ethnic group in the municipality since some members of the both groups declared themselves as Yugoslavs (5.5% of the municipality population), thus it is not clear whether most of the declared Yugoslavs were Muslims by nationality or Serbs by origin.

In urban part of pre-war Doboj municipality, there was:

11,133 (40.36%) Muslims by nationality
8,088 (29.32%) Serbs
4,334 (15.75%) Yugoslavs
2,755 (9.98%) Croats
1,269 others
Population of the urban settlements:

Bare: 732 (62%) Serbs, 153 (13%) Yugoslavs, 135 (11%) Croats, 112 (9%) Muslims, 53 (4%) others, 1,185 total
Centar: 3,720 (35%) Serbs, 3,365 (31%) Muslims, 1,982 (18%) Yugoslavs, 1,236 (12%) Croats, 432 (4%) others, 10,735 total
Čaršija: 3,561 (72%) Muslims, 594 (12%) Yugoslavs, 303 (6%) Serbs, 195 (4%) Croats, 273 (6%) others, 4,926 total
Doboj Novi: 358 (48%) Muslims, 237 (32%) Serbs, 39 (5%) Yugoslavs, 7 (1%) Croats, 108 (14%) others, 749 total
Donji Grad: 1,879 (37%) Serbs, 1,547 (31%) Muslims, 844 (17%) Yugoslavs, 569 (11%) Croats, 196 (4%) others, 5,035 total
Orašje: 1,411 (66%) Muslims, 293 (14%) Serbs, 231 (11%) Yugoslavs, 111 (5%) Croats, 90 (4%) others, 2,136 total
Usora: 924 (33%) Serbs, 779 (28%) Muslims, 502 (18%) Croats, 491 (17%) Yugoslavs, 117 (4%) others, 2,813 total
Serbs made majority in Bare, Centar, Donji Grad and Usora, while Bosniaks made majority in Čaršija, Doboj Novi and Orašje.

The majority of the Muslim and Croat population was expelled during the war in Bosnia, while the town saw a huge influx of Serb refugees from the surrounding Bosniak-held areas. This effectively changed the area's demographic creating ethinically monolitical areas dominated by Serbs in the Republika Srpska, and mainly Bosniaks in the neighboring Federation municipalities. During the Bosnian war the city was shelled by Bosniak and Croat forces and suffered some civilian casualties but was defended well by Serb forces and was never in imminent danger.

Croat-populated parts of the pre-war Doboj municipality and the municipality of Tesanj, both of which have been in the Federation since 1992, were consolidated into the Municipality of Usora. Usora, a historic local toponym, is also a suburb of Doboj and the nearby river.

It is relevant to note that figures above pertain to the pre-war municipality of which parts are in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and are predominantly Bosniak (namely the Federation municipalities of Doboj East and Doboj South which are over 95% Bosniak, and Usora, which is Croat), which reduces the figures pertaining to the number of Bosniaks and Croats in the territory of the municipality within the boundaries of the Republika Srpska (to around 25 thousand Bosniaks and around 9 thousand Croats).

Doboj saw the overwhelming Bosniak return (around 15,000 in 2001, according to the UNHCR figures) to the municipal area in the RS as well as the near perfect completion of the process of property reposessions. In addition, the numbers have increased further since 2001. These processes were implemented by the UNHCR, OSCE and the Office of the High Representative in cooperation with municipal authorities.